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Cell viability testing In order to determine cytotoxic concentrations of used compounds within the exposure range, cell viability was examined using an MTS-based [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2 H-tetrazolium] CellTiter 96 AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay (Promega, Madison, USA) in accordance with the manufacturers protocol

VDAC is localized in the mitochondrial outer membrane, and is linked via the chaperone GRP75 to the IP3R, in the ER membrane (50, 60)

GSTs have long been described as originating from mitochondria

include atractylenolide, atractylon, AT-I, AT-II, AT-III, AT-IV, diacetyl-atractylodinolide, AT-V, AT-VI, AT-VII, 3-acetoxyatractylenolide, dehydroatractylonolide, isoatractyloside A, atractylodinamide and 8-methoxy-atractylenolide II (Yao et al., 2019)

Autophagy 2018;14:2173-5